12/2/2023 0 Comments Piezoelectric motorA year later, the Curie brothers demonstrated the existence of an inverse effect based on mathematical considerations and the thermodynamic research of Gabriel Lippmann. The direct piezoelectric effect was confirmed experimentally by Pierre and Jacques Curie in 1881. This phenomenon is called the inverse piezoelectric effect. Conversely, if some charge or voltage is imposed on a piezoelectric material, the material reacts by generating some mechanical force and strain. The term “piezoelectricity”, introduced by Wilhelm Gottlieb Hankel, describes the phenomenon of the induction of an electric charge or voltage in response to applied mechanical force or pressure to a piezoelectric material. Continuing that study, both René Just Haüy and Antoine César Becquerel posited a connection between mechanical stress and electric charge in some materials. This phenomenon was named pyroelectricity. Their experiments included testing various materials, and examination of a voltage generated as an effect of temperature variations. The first research work on piezoelectricity was done by Carl Linnaeus and Franz Aepinus in the mid-18th century. In, Kenji Uchino wrote that we are currently experiencing a “ renaissance” of piezoelectric actuators. However, a multitude of new typologies and solutions have already been proposed in the twenty-first century. The exploration of new active materials slowed down as well. Economic stagnation and crisis in the 1990s slowed down the development of this technology. Many new devices were introduced, including precision positioners with high strain materials, mass-produced multilayer devices for portable electronic appliances, ultrasonic motors for micro-robotics, and smart structures. The industry acknowledged the enormous potential of the technology and invested huge amounts of resources on practical developments during the 1980s. In the following years, the great development of this technology could be observed. The first invented and registered piezoelectric motor appeared in the USA in the 1940s. Some of the solutions have been commercialized and are used in the industry. Nevertheless, there is still great potential for the development of new structures and the improvement of existing ones. The subject of piezoelectric motors, sensors, and actuators has been, and still is widely discussed in the literature. The final stage of the study concludes that the presented motor can provide relatively high torque compared with other traveling wave rotary motors. Experimental tests are also presented, including laser interferometry measurements of vibrations generated at the surface of the stator, impedance analysis, as well as measurements of mechanical characteristics of the complete motor. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with analytical calculations based on the equivalent circuit theory. A finite element numerical analysis is carried out to obtain optimal geometrical dimensions of the individual cell in terms of generated vibrations and resonant frequencies of the structure. Each of the cells is characterized by a traveling wave and rotating mode motor. The proposed design consists of three individual cells that are integrated into the stator, double rotor, and a preload system combined into a symmetrical structure of the motor. This paper represents a numerical and experimental investigation of the multicell piezoelectric motor.
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